Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, need contingency plans that are developed by the __________.

• A. USEPA
• B. State Government
• C. Utilities
• D. FEMA

Answer: (C)

Contingency planning for natural disasters in a water system is driven by the utility that operates and maintains the system. The utility develops and maintains its own plan to keep water flowing, protect critical assets, secure backup power, identify alternative water sources, coordinate field operations, and communicate with customers during emergencies. While you’ll find guidance and regulations from agencies like FEMA and EPA, and oversight or support from the state, the actual plan for a specific system is created by the utility to fit its unique facilities, layout, and staffing. This ensures the plan is practical, actionable, and tailored to the system’s vulnerabilities, enabling quicker response and recovery when earthquakes, floods, or other disasters strike.