What type of water distribution configuration generally has smaller mains and terminates as dead ends?

• A. Loop System
• B. Ring Main
• C. Grid System
• D. Tree System

Answer: (C)

In a tree system, the distribution network branches out from a single main trunk into progressively smaller mains, and the lines typically end in dead ends at the farthest branches. This branching, non-looping layout means you’ll often see smaller diameter mains as you move away from the main, with many endpoints that don’t connect back to the network. Loop or ring mains, by contrast, are designed to form closed paths so sections can be isolated without losing pressure, and grid systems interconnect widely with multiple pathways, reducing dead ends. Therefore, the configuration that generally has smaller mains and terminates as dead ends is the tree system.