Which health effects would metals entering the distribution system via cross-connections cause?

• A. Nervous system damage, liver damage, and vomiting
• B. Kidney failure
• C. Heart disease
• D. Skin rash

Answer: (A)

Metals entering the distribution system through cross-connections raise the risk of lead exposure, which can affect multiple body systems. Lead is well known for damaging the nervous system, causing neurobehavioral and cognitive effects, and it can produce gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting. At higher exposure, the liver can also be impacted, making liver involvement a plausible part of the toxicity picture. While kidney damage can occur with prolonged or higher-level exposure, and heart disease or skin reactions are not the typical direct outcomes of drinking water contamination at common exposure levels, the combination of nervous system effects, potential liver involvement, and vomiting best reflects the health impacts associated with metals entering water via cross-connections.